These test methods – ASTM D143- , cover the determination of various strength and related properties of wood by testing small clear specimens.
Significance and Use:
These test methods cover tests on small clear specimens of wood that are made to provide the following:
Data for comparing the mechanical properties of various species,
Data for the establishment of correct strength functions, which in conjunction with results of tests of timbers in structural sizes (see Test Methods D198 and Test Methods D4761), afford a basis for establishing allowable stresses, and
Data to determine the influence on the mechanical properties of such factors as density, locality of growth, position in cross section, height of timber in the tree, change of properties with seasoning or treatment with chemicals, and change from sapwood to heartwood.
Scope
These test methods cover the determination of various strength and related properties of wood by testing small clear specimens.
These test methods represent procedures for evaluating the different mechanical and physical properties, controlling factors such as specimen size, moisture content, temperature, and rate of loading.
Sampling and collection of material is discussed in Practice D5536. Sample data, computation sheets, and cards have been incorporated, which were of assistance to the investigator in systematizing records.
Wood tests which can be done by this universal testing machine:
Static Bending
Compression parallel to grain
Impact bending
Toughness
Compression perpendicular to grain
Hardness
Shear parallel to grain
Cleavage
Tension parallel to grain
Tension perpendicular to grain
Nail withdrawal
Some other wood standards:
ASTM D198, Standard test methods of static tests of lumber in structural sizes
ASTM D1990, Standard practice for establishing allowable properties for visually-graded dimension lumber from in-grade tests of full size specimens
ASTM D2915, Standard Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties for Grades of Structural Lumber
AS 2858, Timber — Softwood —Visually stress-graded for structural purposes
AS/NZS 4063, Timber — Stress-graded — In-grade strength and stiffness evaluation
EN 408, Timber structures — Structural timber and glued laminated timber — Determination of some physical and mechanical properties
EN 518, Structural timber — Grading — Requirements for visual strength grading standards
EN 1193, Timber structures — Structural timber and glued laminated timber — Determination of shear strength and mechanical properties perpendicular to the grain
Timber structures — Strength graded timber — Test methods for structural properties